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¶ WorkManager 기초
¶ 안드로이드의 백그라운드 작업
-
실행 시점에 따른 분류
- Exact Timing : 즉시 처리되어야 하는 작업
- Deferrable : 처리를 위한 조건이 만족될 때까지 기다릴 수 있는 작업
-
실행 완료 여부에 따른 분류
- Best-Effort : 처리를 위해 노력하지만 취소될 수도 있는 작업
- Guaranteed Execution : 앱이 종료되거나 기기가 재부팅되어도 수행되어야 하는 작업
| Exact Timing | Deferrable | |
|---|---|---|
| Best-Effort | ThreadPool | ThreadPool |
| Guaranteed Execution | ForegroundService | JobScheduler, JobDispatcher, AlarmManager, BroadcastReceivers |
¶ 안드로이드 백그라운드 API의 변천 과정
- API 18 : AlarmManager
- API 19 : AlarmManager (X)
- Google I/O 2014 - Introduction to Project Volta
- Lazies first
- JobScheduler
- The ART runtime
- Battery Historian
- Battery Saver mode
¶ 안드로이드 백그라운드 API의 변천 과정
- API 23(Marshmallow) : Doze and App Standby
- API 24(Nougat) : Doze on-the-go, Limited implicit broadcasts
- API 26(Oreo) : Background service limitations, Implicit Broadcast Exceptions, Release cached wakelocks
- API 28(Pie) : App Standby Buckets, Battery Saver mode
- API 29(Quince Tart) : Restrictions on starting activities
- API 30(Red Velvet Cake) : Background location access
- API 31(Snow Cone) : Foreground service launch restrictions, Phantom Processes
¶ Firebase JobDispatcher
- API 9+
AlarmManager와JobScheduler를 알아서 선택- Google Play Service 필요
¶ WorkManager의 발표
- Guaranteed, constraint-aware execution : 실행이 보장되며 제약조건을 붙일 수 있습니다. 예를 들면 네트워크 연결시에만 작업이 처리되도록 할 수 있습니다.
- Respectful of system background restrictions : 장치의 상태를 존중합니다. 예를들어 앱이 도즈모드일 경우 작업 처리를 위해 기기를 깨우지 않습니다.
- Backwards compatible with or without Google Play Services : 구글 플레이 서비스와 관계없이 동작합니다.
- Queryable : 작업이 실행/대기중인지? 성공/실패했는지 등의 상태조회를 할 수 있습니다.
- Chainable : 작업 A, B 결과에 따라 처리되는 작업 C를 만들고, 다시 C의 결과에 의존하는 작업 D를 만들 수 있습니다.
- Opportunistic : 사용자를 간섭하지 않아도 제약조건이 만족되면 작업이 즉시 실행됩니다.
¶ WorkManager의 발표
ref) https://medium.com/mindorks/work-manager-in-android-9cdb66c9a1df
¶ WorkManager의 발표
| Use Case | Examples | Solution |
|---|---|---|
| Guaranteed execution of deferrable work | Upload logs to your server, Encrypt/Decrypt content to upload/download | WorkManager |
| A task initiated in response to an external event | Syncing new online content like email | FCM + WorkManager |
| Continue user-initiated work that needs to run immediately even if the user leaves the app | Music player, Tracking activity, Transit navigation | Foreground Service |
| Trigger actions that involve user interactions, like notifications at an exact time. | Alarm clock, Medicine reminder, Notification about a TV show that is about to start | AlarmManager |
¶ WorkManager의 구조
¶ 작업 정의
class UploadWorker(appContext: Context, workerParams: WorkerParameters):
Worker(appContext, workerParams) {
override fun doWork(): Result {
// Do the work here--in this case, upload the images.
uploadImages()
// Indicate whether the work finished successfully with the Result
return Result.success()
}
}
¶ WorkManager의 구조
¶ 제약조건 설정
| Constraints | Description |
|---|---|
| NetworkType | Constrains the type of network required for your work to run. For example, Wi-Fi (UNMETERED). |
| BatteryNotLow | When set to true, your work will not run if the device is in low battery mode. |
| RequiresCharging | When set to true, your work will only run when the device is charging. |
| DeviceIdle | When set to true, this requires the user’s device to be idle before the work will run. This can be useful for running batched operations that might otherwise have a negative performance impact on other apps running actively on the user’s device. |
| StorageNotLow | When set to true, your work will not run if the user’s storage space on the device is too low. |
¶ WorkManager의 구조
¶ WorkRequest 만들기
val constraints = Constraints.Builder()
.setRequiredNetworkType(NetworkType.UNMETERED)
.setRequiresCharging(true)
.build()
val uploadWorkRequest: WorkRequest =
OneTimeWorkRequestBuilder<UploadWorker>()
.setConstraints(constraints)
.build()
¶ WorkManager의 구조
¶ WorkRequest 제출
WorkManager
.getInstance(myContext)
.enqueue(uploadWorkRequest)
ref) https://medium.com/androiddevelopers/workmanager-basics-beba51e94048
¶ WorkManager의 구조
¶ Work States 확인하기
// by id
workManager.getWorkInfoById(syncWorker.id) // ListenableFuture<WorkInfo>
// by name
workManager.getWorkInfosForUniqueWork("sync") // ListenableFuture<List<WorkInfo>>
// by tag
workManager.getWorkInfosByTag("syncTag") // ListenableFuture<List<WorkInfo>>
¶ WorkManager의 구조
¶ Work States 확인하기
1회성 작업
주기적 작업
ref) https://developer.android.com/topic/libraries/architecture/workmanager/how-to/states-and-observation#periodic_work_states